No all’amministrazione di sostegno se l’infermità è solo fisica e l’interessato si oppone
La nomina dell’amministratore deve privilegiare il rispetto dell’autodeterminazione dell’interessato (Cassazione, ordinanza n. 29981/2020).
In tema di amministrazione di sostegno, l’equilibrio della decisione deve essere garantito dalla necessità di privilegiare il rispetto dell’autodeterminazione della persona interessata, così de discernere le fattispecie a seconda dei casi: se cioè la pur riscontrata esigenza di protezione della persona (capace ma in stato di fragilità) risulti già assicurata da una rete familiare all’uopo organizzata e funzionale, oppure se, al contrario, non vi sia per essa alcun supporto e alcuna diversa adeguata tutela; nel secondo caso il ricorso all’istituto può essere giustificato, mentre nel primo non lo è affatto, in ispecie ove all’attivazione si opponga, in modo giustificato, la stessa persona del cui interesse si discute.
È questo il principio di diritto espresso dalla Suprema Corte nell’ordinanza n. 29981 del 31 dicembre 2020 (testo in calce), nell’ambito di un procedimento per la nomina dell’amministratore di sostegno.
Nella fattispecie, la beneficiaria lamentava in Cassazione, tra l’altro, la violazione dell’art. 404 c.c., “con riferimento alla valutazione del presupposto della sua incapacità a provvedere ai propri interessi”, considerata “la sua condizione di soggetto capace di intendere e di volere e riluttante all’amministrazione di sostegno”.
La Suprema Corte ha dichiarato il ricorso fondato, osservando che il giudice dell’appello ha concluso per la sussistenza dei presupposti per la nomina di un’amministrazione di sostegno per garantire “la corretta gestione del patrimonio della reclamante“.
Ma una tale motivazione concretizza, per la Suprema Corte, la falsa applicazione dell’art. 404 c.c. e della ratio che presidia l’istituto, ovvero la tutela della persona che, per effetto di un’infermità o di una menomazione fisica o psichica, si trovi nell’impossibilità anche parziale o temporanea di provvedere ai propri interessi.
L’istituto dell’amministrazione di sostegno, “pur se non esige che la persona versi in uno stato di vera e propria incapacità d’intendere o di volere, presuppone comunque il riscontro di una condizione attuale di menomata capacità che la ponga nell’impossibilità di provvedere ai propri interessi; e quindi per converso esclude che il sostegno debba esser disposto nei confronti di chi si trovi, invece, nella piena capacità di determinarsi, anche se in condizioni di menomazione fisica”.
La procedura pur se non esige che la persona versi in uno stato di vera e propria incapacità d’intendere o di volere, presuppone comunque il riscontro di una condizione attuale di menomata capacità che la ponga nell’impossibilità di provvedere ai propri interessi; e quindi per converso esclude che il sostegno debba esser disposto nei confronti di chi si trovi, invece, nella piena capacità di determinarsi, anche se in condizioni di menomazione fisica”.
Ora, “salvo che non sia provocata da una patologia psichica, tale da rendere l’interessato inconsapevole finanche del bisogno di assistenza, anche l’opposizione alla nomina costituisce espressione di autodeterminazione, e come tale non può non esser considerata dal giudice nel contesto della decisione che a lui si richiede”.
Nel caso in esame, la c.t.u. aveva rilevato la più completa capacità della beneficiaria “affetta da una menomazione fisica grave come la cecità assoluta che certamente la mette in una posizione di inferiorità..(ma) assolutamente in grado di intendere e di volere, di capire quindi ciò di cui ha bisogno e le aggrada conservando la capacità di decidere e la possibilità di ottenere ciò di cui necessita ordinariamente attraverso le persone che ha scelto e che formano per lei una rete adeguata di sostegno e risorse“.
La corte d’appello ha, invece, omesso ogni considerazione di tale decisivi aspetti, così finendo per distorcere l’istituto rispetto alle sue intrinseche finalità.
Il giudice di legittimità ha quindi cassato il decreto impugnato, con rinvio alla medesima corte d’appello la quale, in diversa composizione, rinnoverà l’esame uniformandosi al principio di diritto sopra richiamato.
Fonte: https://www.altalex.com/documents/news/2021/01/19/no-all-amministrazione-di-sostegno-se-infermita-solo-fisica-e-interessato-si-oppone
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