Problemi telefonia e internet: tentativo di conciliazione.

conciliazione-telefonia-internet

conciliazione-telefonia-internet

Il tentativo obbligatorio di conciliazione in materia di telefonia e il ricorso cautelare d’urgenza

Per le controversie che insorgono tra utenti e compagnie del telefono, non può proporsi un giudizio dinanzi al giudice se prima non è stato esperito un tentativo obbligatorio di conciliazione la cui durata non può essere superiore a entro trenta giorni dalla proposizione dell’istanza. A tal fine, i termini per agire in sede giurisdizionale sono sospesi fino alla scadenza del termine per la conclusione del procedimento di conciliazione. 

Secondo la giurisprudenza, in caso di procedimenti cautelari e d’urgenza contro la compagnia telefonica, la conciliazione non è necessario. Il mancato svolgimento del tentativo di composizione stragiudiziale non preclude dunque la proponibilità del ricorso ex art. 700 cod. proc. civ..

La tutela cautelare si connota proprio per quelle esigenze di celerità, di immediatezza e di urgenza che verrebbero altrimenti frustrate nel caso in cui venga richiesto anche il previo esperimento della conciliazione: i più lunghi tempi di tale procedura rischierebbero infatti di pregiudicare irreversibilmente il diritto del quale si domanda la tutela in via cautelare, con conseguente violazione del diritto di accesso alla giustizia dettato dall’articolo 24 della Costituzione. 

Il tentativo obbligatorio di conciliazione in materia di telefonia e l’azione giudiziaria ordinaria

Inizialmente il tentativo di conciliazione in materia di telefonia era considerato come condizione di proponibilità della domanda proposta in via ordinaria. Oggi la giurisprudenza, anche della Cassazione a Sezioni Unite (Cass. SU sent. n. 8241/2020), ha ribaltato tale tesi affermando il principio opposto. Sicché in caso di omesso esperimento del tentato di conciliazione, la controversia non può essere dichiarata improcedibile. Il giudice infatti è tenuto d’ufficio a sospendere la causa e a fissare un termine per consentire alle parti di eseguire l’adempimento con rinvio dell’udienza.

La Suprema corte ha affermato che in tema di controversie tra gli organismi di telecomunicazione e gli utenti il mancato previo esperimento del tentativo obbligatorio di conciliazione previsto dalla legge dà luogo a all’«improcedibilità» e non all’«improponibilità» dell’istanza. Ne consegue che, ove difetti tale adempimento, il giudizio deve essere sospeso con concessione di un termine per svolgere il tentativo di conciliazione e prosegua all’esito di esso, non potendosi definire con una pronuncia in rito. 

Costituendo il tentativo di conciliazione una condizione di procedibilità della domanda, il giudice, anche di appello, è dunque tenuto a sospendere il giudizio e a fissare un termine per consentire alle parti di dar luogo al tentativo di conciliazione, con rinvio dell’udienza a un momento successivo, per l’eventuale prosecuzione dinanzi a sé in caso di relativo esito negativo o di inutile decorso del termine concesso, con rinnovazione del giudizio.

Invero, la scelta del legislatore di subordinare la tutela giudiziale all’esperimento preventivo della conciliazione risponde ad esigenze deflattive della giustizia perseguendo il preciso obiettivo di decongestionare l’attività degli uffici giudiziari ordinari. Una tale scelta non contrasta con il principio costituzionale che garantisce a tutti i cittadini la difesa giurisdizionale dei propri diritti nella misura in cui di fatto non impedisca ad essi di ricorrere al giudice naturale laddove ve ne sia la necessità. In entrambi i casi, viene sottolineata una sostanziale disparità di trattamento tra gli utenti del servizio telefonico che intendono tutelare giudizialmente i propri diritti e quelli di altri servizi. Mentre i primi possono accedere alla giustizia solo dopo aver espletato il tentativo di conciliazione, gli altri invece non incontrano nessun ostacolo o differimento nell’esercizio di un tale diritto. Ciò determina una evidente violazione del principio di uguaglianza sancito dall’art. 3 Cost. 

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