alunno ferito responsabilita della scuola
Responsabilità della scuola se l’alunno si fa male durante l’orario scolastico.
Importante pronuncia della Corte di Cassazione con l’ordinanza n. 8811/2020.
Il caso ha riguardato un alunno che si era ferito a seguito del comportamento tenuto da un altro alunno durante l’orario scolastico.
I genitori dell’alunno infortunato hanno chiamato in causa il Ministero dell’istruzione per chiedere il risarcimento dei danni subiti a causa del sinistro avvenuto presso l’Istituto scolastico.
Mentre il figlio si trovava a ricreazione nel cortile della scuola, subiva dei danni fisici a seguito del contegno di un altro alunno.
Viene nuovamente affermata e ribadita la responsabilità della scuola per culpa in vigilando (obbligo di vigilanza, controllo e diligenza), ovvero per non aver adeguatamente vigilato, come avrebbe dovuto fare un custode.
La Suprema Corte, con l’ordinanza n. 8811/2020, nell’accogliere il ricorso, ha ribadito che “e’ principio consolidato che l’ammissione dell’allievo a scuola determina l’instaurazione di un vincolo negoziale dal quale sorge a carico dell’istituto l’obbligazione di vigilare sulla sicurezza e l’incolumita’ dell’allievo nel tempo in cui questi fruisce della prestazione scolastica in tutte le sue espressioni e, quindi, di predisporre gli accorgimenti necessari affinche’ non venga arrecato danno agli alunni in relazione alle circostanze del caso concreto: da quelle ordinarie, tra le quali l’eta’ degli alunni, che impone una vigilanza crescente con la diminuzione dell’eta’ anagrafica; a quelle eccezionali, che implicano la prevedibilita’ di pericoli derivanti dalle cose e da persone, anche estranee alla scuola e non conosciute dalla direzione didattica, ma autorizzate a circolare liberamente per il compimento della loro attivita’; sotto il profilo probatorio incombe sull’allievo l’onere della prova dell’illecito commesso da altro allievo, quale fatto costitutivo della sua pretesa, mentre e’ a carico della scuola la prova del fatto impeditivo, e cioe’ dell’inevitabilita’ del danno nonostante la predisposizione, in relazione al caso concreto, di tutte le cautele idonee a evitare il fatto; incombe all’amministrazione scolastica rispondere del fatto illecito commesso dagli allievi minori sottoposti alla sua vigilanza, e di tale responsabilita’ speciale si libera “soltanto se prova di non aver potuto impedire il fatto” (c.d. responsabilita’ aggravata); più in generale, il custode e’ tenuto, in ragione dei poteri che la particolare relazione con la cosa gli attribuisce a cui fanno riscontro corrispondenti obblighi di vigilanza, controllo e diligenza, nonche’ in ossequio al principio di c.d. vicinanza alla prova, a dimostrare che il danno si e’ verificato in modo non prevedibile, ne’ superabile con lo sforzo diligente adeguato alle concrete circostanze del caso; nel caso in esame, non risultano dalla corte di merito invero spiegate le ragioni per le quali abbia ritenuto “imprevedibile” la condotta del minore danneggiante, a fortiori in presenza di pregresse condotte dal medesimo mantenute, nel quadro delle vicende richiamate dagli odierni ricorrenti”.
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